![]() The individual physical CPUs, processor cores, can also be multithreaded to create additional virtual or logical CPUs. Microprocessor chips with multiple CPUs are multi-core processors. Most modern CPUs are implemented on integrated circuit (IC) microprocessors, with one or more CPUs on a single IC chip. Principal components of a CPU include the arithmetic–logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic operations, processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations, and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching (from memory), decoding and execution (of instructions) by directing the coordinated operations of the ALU, registers, and other components. ![]() The form, design, and implementation of CPUs have changed over time, but their fundamental operation remains almost unchanged. ![]() This role contrasts with that of external components, such as main memory and I/O circuitry, and specialized coprocessors such as graphics processing units (GPUs). Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations. Bottom side of an Intel 80486DX2, showing its pinsĪ central processing unit ( CPU)-also called a central processor or main processor-is the most important processor in a given computer.
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